v    PENGERTIAN DIRECT AND INDIRECT
 
Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct speech and Indirect Sentences
Direct speech (Direct Speech) is a sentence when reported speech stating the actual words. Sentences are not connected by "that" it should be with (punctuation) commas.
Sentence (indirect speech) are sentences which when reported speech gives the substance of the words used by the speaker and not the actual words. In indirect speech sentences are associated with the word "that".
Tense reporting verb is not changed, but the present tense reported speech should be modified based on the form of a reporting verb.
 
v    CONTOH SOAL DIRECT AND INDERCT
 
Direct Indirect speech
1. Ryan said, “ My brother is sick.”
2. Ani Asked, “ Where is my bag?”
3. The man said, “ I did not steal the money.”
4. The boy said,” I was absent yesterday.”
5. John asked me, “ Did your father see me ?”
               
Change into Direct Speech!
1. Doctor said that I have to eat more fruit and vegetable.
2. Eka asked her friend if she can help her.
3. He said that he had a present for me in his bag.
4. My friend asked me if I could help him find a hotel.
5. She told the children not to make noise.
 

v    TIPS DIRECT AND INDIRECT
 
V1 –> V2
V2 –> PAST PERFECT
The first form of the verb can form simple present (v1), present continuous (tobe (v1) + Ving), simple future (will (v1) + inf).
     Verbs that changed was that occur after the Subject
     If it's Past Perfect (past perfect / past perfect continuous) means is fixed, can not be changed anymore.

First example:

Direct Speech: Abdul says: "I have been sleeping for 3 hours"
Indirect Speech: Abdul Said that he had been sleeping for 3 hours

So we use the first formula: the word replacing occur after the subject (V1 -> V2) have aliases -> had. The change is actually happening is the present perfect tense -> Past Perfect tense.

Example two:

Direct Speech: Rashid ACKs me: "did you come to school yesterday?"
Indirect Speech: Rashid asked me if I had come to school the day before.

The formula we use: V2 -> Past perfect. The changes that happened is that of Simple Past tense to Past Perfect tense. Note: you know why not come that changed?'s In the example sentence that occur after the subject is come? it is because the format of questions. Aselinya right: you came to school yesterday. geto;-p

Third example:

Direct Speech: Gafur says: "I will have finished my duty in the end of this month"
Indirect Speech: Gafur said that he would have finished his duty in the end of this month.

The formula that we use is the first one: V1 (will) -> V2 (would). Change is a Past future perfect tense future perfect tense. But then again we do not need to memorize it, just to understand the pattern of the principles I wrote above.